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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ufajournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фольклор и антропология города</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Urban Folklore and Anthropology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2658-3895</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-1757</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GFSAOK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ufajournal-89</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ  ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CURRENT RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Уберите мусор по-братски!» Официальные и неформальные запретительные надписи в филиппинском городе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Pare, pick up mo yung trash!” Official and informal prohibition signage in a Philippine city</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8928-4844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Станюкович</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stanyukovich</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">mstan@kunstkamera.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Музей антропологии и этнографии (Кунсткамера) РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy&#13;
of Science<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>Уличное искусство и паблик-арт</issue-title><fpage>186</fpage><lpage>217</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Станюкович М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Станюкович М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stanyukovich M.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ufajournal.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/89">https://ufajournal.ranepa.ru/jour/article/view/89</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена исследованию визуального ландшафта филиппинских городов через призму регулирующих и запретительных надписей. Используя теоретическую рамку неформального урбанизма, автор рассматривает, как граждане осваивают и «обустраивают» городскую среду с помощью неофициальных каналов коммуникации. В  работе анализируется типология и тематика текстов, отражающих острые инфраструктурные проблемы перенаселенных поселений: нехватку общественных туалетов, проблемы с вывозом мусора и сложную эпидемиологическую обстановку. Автор сопоставляет официальные и частные надписи (уделяя особое внимание рукописным объявлениям) и показывает, как в них проявляются властные отношения, смешение языков и культур, эмоциональные факторы, дихотомия вежливости и грубости, а также интересы собственников и торговцев.</p><p>Рассматриваются лингвистические аспекты: использование государственных языков (английского и филипино/тагальского), региональных лингва франка (себуано, илоканский) и языков коренных народов (в частности, ифугао). Исследуются также креативные орфографические стратегии и «языковая игра», такие как использование английских числительных в качестве фонетических компонентов в местных словах (например, D2 для dito или Hi2 для hitu), что отражает влияние цифровой грамотности и культуры SMS-сообщений на физическое пространство надписей. Отдельный раздел посвящен надписям, связанным с традиционным жеванием бетеля. В контексте Ифугао эти тексты не запрещают саму практику, а ограничивают сплевывание красной слюны в общественных и торговых точках, что позволяет проследить столкновение древних обычаев с современными городскими нормами и требованиями гигиены.</p><p>Особое внимание уделено неспецифическим функциям рукописных знаков: маркированию территории и социальному контролю, трансляции частного дискурса и эстетизации запретов, связанных с «телесным низом». Опираясь на концепции М. М. Бахтина о карнавальности и гротескном реализме, автор показывает, как смеховая культура превращает запретительный текст, посвященный «веселой материи», в декоративный элемент городской среды.</p><p>В основе работы лежат полевые материалы, собранные автором в ходе экспедиций на Филиппины (1995–2026 годы) и хранящиеся в личном архиве, а также материалы поездки 2025 году в Индонезию в составе экспедиции РГО. Статья вносит вклад в антропологию города, демонстрируя, как запретительный текст становится инструментом частного высказывания в пространстве, где доминирует дискурс власти.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article explores the visual landscape of Philippine cities through the lens of regulatory and prohibitive signage. Using the framework of informal urbanism, the study examines how citizens navigate and “fix” their environments through informal communication. The work analyzes the typology and primary themes of these signs, which reflect the acute infrastructural challenges of overcrowded settlements: a lack of public toilets, waste management issues, and complex epidemiological conditions. The author compares official and private signage — focusing on handwritten notices — to demonstrate how these signs express power dynamics, the blending of languages and cultures, emotional factors, politeness versus rudeness, and the specific interests of property owners and vendors.</p><p> </p><p>Linguistic aspects are examined, including the use of national languages (English and Filipino/Tagalog), regional lingua francas such as Cebuano and Ilocano, and indigenous languages such as Ifugao. The study further highlights creative orthographic strategies and ‘orthographic play’, such as the use of English numerals as phonetic components in vernacular words (e.g, “D2” for dito or “Hi2” for hitu), reflecting the influence of digital literacy and SMS conventions on physical signage. A specific section is dedicated to notices addressing traditional betel nut chewing; rather than banning the practice itself, these signs specifically target the spitting of red saliva in public and commercial spaces. This highlights the clash between long-standing cultural practices and modern urban hygiene requirements.</p><p>Special attention is given to the broader social functions of handwritten prohibitive signs: territorial marking and social control, the transmission of private discourse, and the aestheticization of prohibitions related to the “bodily lower stratum”. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin’s concepts of the carnivalesque and grotesque realism, the author explores how humor and “laughing culture” can transform a restrictive sign into a decorative element.</p><p>The study is based on field materials collected in the Philippines between 1995 and 2026, as well as materials from a 2025 trip to Indonesia with the Russian Geographical Society. This work contributes to urban anthropology by showing how prohibitive texts become tools of private discourse in spaces otherwise dominated by the language of authority.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>визуальный ландшафт</kwd><kwd>антропология города</kwd><kwd>неформальный урбанизм</kwd><kwd>Филиппины</kwd><kwd>запретительные надписи</kwd><kwd>рукописные объявления</kwd><kwd>лингвистическая ситуация</kwd><kwd>жевание бетеля</kwd><kwd>М. М. Бахтин</kwd><kwd>смеховая культура</kwd><kwd>социальный контроль</kwd><kwd>таглиш</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>visual landscape</kwd><kwd>urban anthropology</kwd><kwd>informal urbanism</kwd><kwd>Philippines</kwd><kwd>prohibitive signage</kwd><kwd>handwritten notices</kwd><kwd>linguistic landscape</kwd><kwd>betel nut chewing</kwd><kwd>Mikhail Bakhtin</kwd><kwd>carnivalesque</kwd><kwd>social control</kwd><kwd>Taglish</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахтин, М. М. (1990). Творчество Франсуа Рабле и народная культура средневековья и Ренессанса. М.: Художественная литература.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhtin, M. (1990). Rabelais and his world. Moscow: Khudozhestvennaya Literatura. 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